Acne

Acne typically develops during puberty, when higher levels of male hormones called androgens increase the size and activity of the sebaceous glands. This in turn raises the skin’s sebum (oil) levels.

Hormonal fluctuations also mean some women experience acne as a component of pre-menstrual syndrome, or during other times of hormonal change, including pregnancy and menopause.

Whiteheads and blackheads occur when pores and dead skin cells become blocked by sebum.

Pimples develop if an inflammation or infection (often with the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes) sets in beneath the blocked pore. Cysts occur if pus and other secretions build up deep beneath the blocked pores within the hair follicles.

The use of certain drugs (e.g. anabolic steroids and some anti-seizure medicines), and exposure to chlorine compounds may also lead to acne problems. Excess iodine may also be involved in some cases.

You’re more likely to be affected by acne if one of your parents had the condition during their teenage years.

• Zinc is an essential mineral used for wound healing and the normal oil gland function of the skin. It is also involved in the maintenance of vitamin A levels, transport and usage; for protein synthesis, (particularly collagen synthesis); and to help maintain hormonal balance. 
• Beta-carotene is transformed into vitamin A in the body. These two nutrients act as skin antioxidants, and may be of assistance in the treatment of acne, other skin conditions, and the healing of wounds. 
• Sulphur is traditionally indicated as a liver tonic to support the body's detoxification processes, and for a variety of skin conditions including acne which are associated with sluggish liver function 
• Echinacea has been extensively investigated and has been found to have a variety of actions on the immune system, including antibacterial and antiviral activity. 
• Calendula has traditionally been used for the treatment of skin infection and to assist wound healing.

• Keep your skin clean by washing it twice daily, but don’t use harsh products or an aggressive scrubbing action. Keep your hair clean too, and keep it off the affected area so that it doesn’t add to the amount of oil present.
• Tea tree oil has antibacterial properties, and may help to fight infection and heal lesions. It is best applied diluted or in specially formulated products, up to three times daily.
• Try to resist the urge to touch acne lesions, as you may introduce additional dirt and germs to the area. Above all, don’t be tempted to squeeze or pick at pimples or other lesions. To do so may increase the risk of scarring and infection.
• Choose oil-free cosmetics and ensure all make-up brushes and sponges are washed regularly. Always take your make-up off at the end of the day.
• There are conflicting theories about the effects of diet on acne. While the research suggests there is no direct link between acne outbreaks and foods such as chocolate and sweets, natural therapies experts recommend avoiding fatty foods (especially trans fats), concentrated carbohydrates (especially carbohydrates with a high glycaemic index) and dairy foods.
• Instead, eat a diet rich in antioxidants. Important sources include berries, citrus fruits, and brightly coloured vegetables such as carrots, capsicum and tomatoes. 
• Take steps to manage your stress levels. Relaxation therapy, meditation and massage may all help to decrease stress.

• In severe cases, your doctor may recommend the use of antibiotics or other medications to help control your acne. Many sufferers prefer to explore natural options first, as some of these medicines are associated with adverse effects.

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